General Characteristics

• Soy meal is the world's most important vegetable protein feed source accounting for nearly 65 % of World protein feed demand. About 98 percent of soy meal is used as an animal feed ingredient, with the remainder used in human foods such as bakery ingredients and meat substitutes.
• Soybeans on crushing and solvent extraction yield soyoil at 18% recovery and soymeal. About 85% of the global production is crushed.
• Soybean meal is considered a premium product because of its high digestibility, high energy content and consistency.

Global Scenario

• Soymeal is the most popular protein meal of the world. It is estimated that the total production in 2003 was around 132 million tons. 
• United States (33-35 million tons), China (20-22 million tons), Brazil (20-22 million tons), Argentina (18-21 million tons), India (3-5 million tons) are the major producers of soymeal in the world. 
• In US, India, China crop starts arriving from Aug-Sept, while it starts from Jan-Feb in S. America. 
• The annual global trade in soymeal is around 45-48 million tons. 
• The major exporters are Argentina (19-20 million tons), Brazil (14-15 million tons), USA (4-6 million tons), India (3-4 million tons) and EU (2 million tons).
• The major importers are EU(20-22 million tons), Central Europe (3.5 million tons), Thailand (2 million tons), South Korea (1.5 million tons), Indonesia (1.5-2 million tons), Japan (1-1.5 million tons), Philippines (1-1.5 million tons) and Canada (1-1.5 million tons.

Important World Soy Markets

• Chicago (CBOT), largest soy futures market
• China, where beans and meal are traded at Dalian Commodity Exchange

Indian Scenario

• Soybean is the most popular oilseed currently after groundnut is also the largest produced oilmeal in the country. 
• India produces 5-7 million tons of beans, 1 million ton of oil and 3-5 million tons of soymeal in a normal year. Madhya Pradesh (3.5-4.5 million tons), Maharashtra, Rajasthan are the major producers of soybean in India. 
• In 2003-04 (Apr-Mar), India is estimated to have crushed 51.64 lakh tons of soybeans to produce 42.35 lakh tons of soymeal and 9.3 lakh tons of soyoil. 
• Soy is a Kharif crop, sown in June-July and harvested by September-October. Peak arrivals are from October-November. 
• India is one of the major exporters of soymeal to the Asian countries. South Korea, Thailand, Philippines, Japan are some of the major importers of soymeal from the country. India typically exports around 65% of the country's soymeal production currently. Soymeal accounted for 84% of the total edible oilseed meal exports from the country.
• This leaves around 1-2 million tons for the consumption of the domestic poultry and cattle feed industry.
• India, does not import soymeal to meet the requirements of the domestic feed industry, as the price equation inclusive of transports does not work in favour of imports.

Major Indian Markets

• Indore, Ujjain, Dewas, Mandsore in Madhya Pradesh, Nagpur in Maharashtra, Kota in Rajasthan are major trading centres. 

India In World Soy Industry

Factors influencing soyabean Markets

• Weather at all the producing centers, domestic and international. The pod bearing period, being the most crucial.
• Demand for soymeal from the feed sector and the entire fundamentals of this sector.
  The area planted, determined by the price of soybean against that of competitive crops, viz., maize, jowar, bajra. 
• International price movement, the futures market at CBOT being the major international reference market. 
• Pests, diseases of soybean; epidemics, infections affecting poultry and cattle have an influence on prices. 
• The crush margin between meal, oil and seed.